Acaricidal Activity of Artemisia nilagirica Leaves Against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus Ticks

Darsana Udayan; Suresh Narayanan Nair; Sanis Juliet; Reghu Ravindran; Sunil Athalathil; Thumadath Palayullaparambil Adarshkrishna; Karapparambu Gopalan Ajithkumar; Kana Padinchareveetil Sreelekha; Leena Chandrashekar; Srikant Ghosh

doi:10.1055/a-1161-0220

Planta Medica, Table of Contents

Planta Med 2020; 86(18): 1335-1344
DOI: 10.1055/a-1161-0220

Biological and Pharmacological Activity

Original Papers

Acaricidal Activity of Artemisia nilagirica Leaves Against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus Ticks

Darsana Udayan

¹Centre for Ethnopharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Suresh Narayanan Nair

⁴Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India

,

Sanis Juliet

¹Centre for Ethnopharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Reghu Ravindran

²Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Sunil Athalathil

¹Centre for Ethnopharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Thumadath Palayullaparambil Adarshkrishna

¹Centre for Ethnopharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Karapparambu Gopalan Ajithkumar

²Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Kana Padinchareveetil Sreelekha

¹Centre for Ethnopharmacology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Leena Chandrashekar

³Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India

,

Srikant Ghosh

⁵Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Since time immemorial, human beings have used various parts of plants in either prevention or treatment of ailments. Plants are rich sources of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds with a high structural diversity. Many plants/herbs with specific biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, sedative, and acaricidal activity have been reported. Artemisia nilagirica (C. B. Clarke) Pamp. (Compositae) is a plant traditionally used for insect control in the southern part of India. Previous studies have demonstrated the activity of Artemisia species against pests. The present study thus evaluates the acaricidal activity of crude ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica leaves and its fractions against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Ticks are ectoparasites that transmit several protozoal, viral, and rickettsial diseases. In south India, R. (B.) annulatus is the commonly observed tick species. Control of these acarine parasites that adversely affect milk and meat production is a tough task. Chemical acaricides such as organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids, amitraz, and ivermectin are commonly used in tick control. The high cost, environmental hazards, and development of acaricidal resistance are some of the drawbacks of these chemical acaricides. Plant-based formulations are one of the promising approaches for the control of ectoparasites. Previously, extracts from various medicinal/aromatic plants were reported for acaricidal activity from our laboratory, such as Tetrastigma leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston, Chassalia curviflora (Wall.) Thwaites, Jatropha curcas L., and Ageratum conyzoides Hieron. Biochemical quantification, fluorescence analysis, and primary phytochemical analysis are already reported for the ethanolic extract and its fractions of areal parts of A. nilagirica. Phytochemical characterization of ethanolic extract of A. nilagirica from Kerala, India was shown to have the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, fixed oils and fats, tannins, and glycosides.

Key words

Artemisia nilagirica - Compositae - acaricidal activity - GC-MS - dermal toxicity - wound healing - oral toxicity

Full Text

References

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